Fluid speed-governing mechanism.



` 2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

El lill l Patented Nov. 8, 1910.

` J.. c w. JfoRGENsEm FLUD SPEED GGVERNING MEGHANISM. APPLICATION FILED MAB. 29, 1910.

974,973- Patented Nov. s, 19110.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

/7 rfoffA/Eys.

JULIUs o. w. .iR'GENsnN, or sAN rRANcIsco, ciirrronivrn.

FLUID SPEED-GOVERNING MECHANISM.

To all whom 'it may concern.'

Be it known' that I, JULIUS C. W. JRGENsEN, a subj ect of the King Y of Denmark, and l a resident of the city'and county of San Francisco and State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fluid Speed-Governing Mechanism, of which th 4f, following is a specification.l

The invention'A relates to'improvements in a fluid speed-governing mechanism deslglned aft tobe arranged-between the driving s and the driven shaft, to transmit motion to and govern the speed of the latter, within the range of the speed of the former.

The object of the invention is to provide a connecting mechanism between the driving' anddriven shafts, which acts as a speed transformer to vary the speed of the latter shaft. I

Another object of theinvention is to provide a mechanismadapted to act as a power absorber to consume the energy in a moving mass and bring it to rest. Y

A further object of the invention is to provide a mechanism adapted to operate aS a clutch to positively transfer power from I under even a shghtpload The partial cloone shaft to another. I

In general engineering practice the driving shaft is provided witha .Hy-wheel to preserve a constant velocity of the engine,

and the apparatus of my invention is adapted to be secured to the fly-wheel or to be attached directly to the shaft. stances the mass of the mechanism Awill be suflicient to produce the required rotary eflect and the iy-wheel may be dispensed wit 1. I 1

The mechanism consists of a casing which is attached to the driving. shaft and rotates therewith. lVithin the casing 'and secured lthereto'is arranged a cylinder lying radially on both sides of the piston and is .acted on by the moving piston.

The reciprocating motion of the pis-ton is accomplished by means of a crank on the driven shaft to `which the piston is con-V nected. The centers of rotation of the pisv ton and cylinder are therefore eccentric and speciacationtf Lette/rs raient. Application led March 29, 1910. Serial No. 552,244.

In many in- I Patented Nov.

thel required reciprocating Amotion is obtained. f

The cylinder in which the piston is mounted is open at both ends Yand is rovided on one end with'mea'ns for regulating the size 'ofthe opening and thereby the passage of the fluid to and from the end of the-cylinder caused by themotion of the piston. Then the passageway for the fluid is closed o1 choked, the piston will not move freely "in its cylinder. and, consequently, the rotary motion of the driving'shaft will be come; radio.

municated to the driven shaft. The relative f speed of the driven shaft is proportional to the freedom of movement of the piston, and when the passage. way is fully closed the piston is held in the cylinder and the driven shaft is connected positively with the driv-"m ing shaft, and consequently? rotates lat the same speed. When thel passage is fully i open, the drivenI shaft remains stationary, due to the load imposed on it, while the driving Shaft muy be. rotated at full speed"-- The small increment of power exerted on the driven shaft dueto the friction of the pistonfls not sufficient to move the shaft sure of the passage-way will impose restric tions upon the movement of the liquid displaced by the moving piston, and thedriving shaft will drive the driven shaft at a speed depen'ding'on the degree of such re= .striction it is desiredto bring to a stop. In this arf rangement, the passageway yis normally open and the piston allowed to reciprocatefreely. As the passao'e-way is gradually closed, the restrictions paced on the liquid in the cylinder retard the motion of the piston and bring it to rest relative to the cylinder with a consequent stopping of the moving machinery or running gear. y A .y

To these objects the invention consists of a casing, a cylinder in the casing, a piston adapted to reciprocate in the cylinder and means for holding the vpiston against recip rocation to transfer the motion of the casing to the crank to which the piston is connected.

The .following description explains at ;-length the nature of my said improvements Vgoverning mechanism, reference ,being had; to the drawings accompanying vthis specifi-- cation. Figure 1 isa frontelevation partly in section of the mechanism of one embodiment of my invention, in whichl two oppositely arranged cylinders are employed, the mechanism being mounted on a fly-wheel. Fig. 2 is a 'cross-section of the form shown in Fig. 1, showing the means employed for-Operating the valves.- Fig. 3 'is a cross-sectional detail of one end of thecasing showing the valve. Fig. 4 is a section taken on the line In the embodiment of my invention shown and described herein, I have employed two cylinders, but it is evident that the apparatus could be constructed with on'e or more cylinders'according to the' duty to which itis to be assigned. In the present construction the apparatus consists of a casl shaft 4, and secured thereto by suitable boltsl 2. 3f. The casing is provided with openings'on 45 l held securely in positiony by -the bolts 6, which: are adapted to be removed to allow` ing 2 arranged centrally on the driving the sides, covered with hand-hole plates 5 access`- to the interior.

In 'the present .construction the casing 1s shown of a rectangular shape atv thecenter,r

"' jahaving cylindrical portions 8 radiating' therefrom. The4 outer ends of the cylindrifor Qscillatin cal portions 8 are closed by the head-castings- '7 provided with a screw-threaded portion 9,

for engaging a similar thread on the inside face ofthe casin. preferably "formed integral with. the head casting, 7 and -areformed 'of lless diameter thanthe inside diameter of the cylindrical casing 8, to provide an annular ring or open space 13 around' the'cylinder` 12. -The inner .ends'of the cylinders 12 are open to lallow lthe connectingrod 14 -connecting the piston` l5`with-the crank pin 16to have ample space The axisof. thev motion. crank pin 16 1s eccentric to the axis of the dr-ivimng" shaft 4, the amount o f eccentricity determining theplay of the piston in the i ".cylhidergf The cylinders l 12 revolve Vabout the, axisfgof the driving' shaft v4 as av center andthe-'pistons 15 revolve about the-axis of the'crankpinas a center,thereby producing 'twoeccentricci'rcles' of rotation and lcausing',

.are allowed to recirtiro Aof the driving sha 4 to the drivenfshaft 17 When, howeyer, the' ,the pistons -15 to reciprocate in the'cylinders ,.12asthe apparatus ijs revolved.- The crank is made -a lpart of and vpreferably formed in- 'tegralwith the ,driven shaft 17, being con- .nect'edthereto bythe crank arms .18. -The driven vshaft -17 is loosely seatedfor rotation.

in the pl ate 1 9.w hich 4is securelfboltedj to the'casing 2-and to the driving shaft 4.. 'It is evident, therefore, .that if the pistons- '15 will notbe. transferred lThe cylinders 12l are.

and form closed.

cate freely, the motion` v.motion of the piston is restricted, the rotary motion of the casing will be transferred Vto the 'driven shaft depending on the degree of .restriction The. casing 2is completely filled with a fluid, preferably oil, which lls both sides of the piston chamber and which is transferred from one side of the chamber to the other by the motion of the piston 15. The outer end of the cylinder is provided with a port or passage-way 21 forming an opening between the outer piston chamber and fthe annular 'space'13, Asurrounding the-cylinder. lVhen this port 21 is open, the oil acting under the impulse of the piston, is allowed to move freely from one side of the piston chamber f yare constrained to rotate at the saine speed.

As a means for regulating the size of the port-opening 21, I` prefer to use a rotary valve 23, lhaving a mutilated peripheral face, consisting of aconcave depression 24,

yformed longitudinally therein. The spanofthe concave depression .is made slightly longer than the-arc .of the port opening 21, so that the valve-maybe easily set for a full opening'of the port. The port is made 'smaller in longitudinal dimension than the length of the valve, so that the valve-will Seaton the-cylinder-on all sides of the port a tight Vjoint when the port is The valve 23 is keyed or pressedfon to a shaft 25 extending through a packing gland. 26 inthe head casting 7 1to the outside 'of the casing. The oil in the casing is under normal pressure when the' casing is stationary, but during the revolution thereof, a

high pressure is generated at the outer ends and packing-.glands are necessary to preventthe escape of theoil. l y

Regulation of the valves 23 is obtained by means of ia rack 28 meshing with the spur channel 31 secured to the packing screw 32,

forjournaled on the shaft 25. vThe longitudinal movement of (the rods' 28 isv cont'rolledj byfthe lever 33, f ulcrumed ata 4fixed point`34 and contacting' with a loosely fitted -grooved sleeve 35'on the driven shaft 17. Connecting levers 36, pivoted' `at 37 to the-,rod s '38,fareloosely connectedto the sleeve f at one endand attached to 'the i faQ-@128 'at thepther. During the opera- A'gear 29 keyed' to the outer endof-the shaft i' 25.v The rack 28 isheld in contact with the .spuifj'gear 29 by means of a guide plate or tion of the device the complete mechanism and controlling elements rotate about ythe axis of the drive shafts with the exception of the control lever 33 which is stationary and fulcrumed at a fixed point. yThe sleeve 35 isnormally held in position by a coiled spring 39 bearing on the facey of the packing gland 40 which may be attached to the casing in any vsuitable manner.

In the operation ofthe mechanism, the ports 2l are opened wide and-the engine started. The driving shaftand the casing are .i then free to-revolve and the pistons reciprocate freely in the cylinders, no rotary motion being transferred to the driven shaft. The ports are then partially closed by the movement of the controlling lever 33, and the flow ofthe liquid in the cylinders is restricted, the motion of the pistons is .impeded and the driven shaft is rotated at .Q Ylpoity corresponding to the impedance.

ports are then gradually closed until i 'ssage way has been choked, the pis-- tonsaref-,held rigid and the driving and as' the i .drveii'shafts rotate at the same speed. It

is seen; therefore,'that by gradually closing the portsthe velocity of the driven shaft is slowly accelerated until it reaches the velocity of the driving shaft. desired to stop the 'rotation' of the driven shaft, the ports are opened and the driven shaft comes to rest under its load.

Then it is desirable to use the mechanism as a brake or. power absorber, the casing 1sthe power the mechanism will come to a halt.

'It is to be understood that I do not desire to limit myself to the construction shown and describednor to the uses for which the mechanism is applicable as set forth herein, as it is evident that many changes could ybe made without varyingfrom the 4spirit 'or .scope of my. invention, and that the device may be, appropriated to other uses than to 'those specifically set forth. It is evident also that the mechanism would operate with the samedegree of efficiency if the application of power was reversed and applied to the driven shaft instead of to the driving shaft. In this case the shaft 4 would remain stationary under its load as long as the cylinders were free to yreciprocate and the shaft 17 would revolve. As the ports.

were-gradually closed, the motionof the pistons .would bevimpeded and power would .be transferred to the shaft 4 depending on the degree of impedance.

When it is 2. The combination with a drivingshaft and a driven shaft of. a cylindrical housing mounted on one shaft and arranged.` to rotate inthe plane of rotation thereof, a cylinder of lesser diameter than the housing arranged radially within the housing, a piston connected to the other shaft and engageing in the cylinder, and means within theV cylinder for varying the area of the outlet passage to the interior of the housing.

3. The combination with a driving vshaft and a driven shaft of a cylindrical housing mounted on one shaft and arranged at right angles thereto'and adapted torotate with the shaft, a cylinder of lesser diameter mounted within the chamber formed by the housing, the inner end of the cylinder opening into the chamber, a piston engaging the cylinder and connected to the other shaft and means within the cylinder for varying the size of the passage between the outer end of the cylinder andthe chamber.

4. The combination with a driving shaft and a drivenshaft, of a housing mounted on one shaft comprising a plurality of radially disposed cylindrical sections, a cylinder in each section of less diameter than the section, pistons engaging in tha cylinders and connected to the other shaft; each pair ofl oppositely disposed pistons adapted to move in opposite directions radially,` a by-pass connecting the opposite ends 0f the cylinders on each side of the pistons a'nd'meansl for varying the area ofthe by-pass.

5. The combination with a driving shaft and a `driven shaft ofacasing adapted to be filled with a fluid attached to one shaft, said casing comprising a central portion .and opf' positely arranged radial cylindrical portions, cylinders in the radial portions of less diameter than the diameter thereof,.pistons connected to the other shaft'and engaging i io in said cylinders, ports in the cylinders at the outer ends and valves arranged at said ports to vary the size of the opening between the cylinder and the casing.

.6. The combination with a driving shaft and a driven shaft of a casingadapted .to be filled with a fluid attached to one shaft, said casing comprising a central portion and oppositely arranged -radial cylindrical 4por- `t-ions, open end cylinders arranged in the radial portions, the diameter of the cylinders being less than the diameter of the "casing,y

pistons engaging the cylinders and connected Ato the other shaft through said open ends, ports, in the opposite ends of the cylinders,

'ternal tothe cylinder for operating the valves.

7. The combination with a driving shaft and a driven shaft of a casing adaptedfto be filled with a fluid attached to one shaft, said casing comprisinga central portion and oppostely arranged radial cylindrical portions, cylinders in the radial portion of lessl diameter than `the diameter ofthe casing,

lpiston engaging inthe c linders, and connected to the 'other shaft, ports in the outer ends of the cylinders, a rotary valvev Within the cylinder adapted to vary the area-of the port, and lmeans for operating the valves comprising valve rods extending through the casing provided with pinions on the outer ends, racks engaging the pinions, and means for producing a simultaneous motioniof the 20 racks.

' JULIUS o.

lVitnesses H. G. PRosT, P. S. PIDWELL.

W. JRGENSEN. 

